In 2008, 4.4 million abortions were performed in Latin America, 95% of which were “unsafe.” 1 By 2015, the region recorded the highest number of maternal deaths per head. Women’s rights groups catalysed legal and social mobilisation–“the green wave”–to decriminalise abortion. Their success, to which Mexico was central, can be measured by the fact that three of the region’s four most populous nations have decriminalised abortion.
The green wave movement had looked to women’s rights in the United States for inspiration. Now, with the US Supreme Court overturning Roe v Wade, sexual and reproductive rights are under threat globally.2 3 The US is polarised on abortion, but criminalising abortion, as many states in the US are now doing,4 is harmful and costs lives.5 It disproportionately affects the poorest, most marginalised, and most vulnerable. The ripple effects of the decision taken by the US Supreme Court will sweep through America and across the world. It will manifest in political, legal, religious, financial, and civil society action against women seeking abortion, the groups that support them, and health professionals providing abortion services and requiring education and training.6 In these circumstances, how is criminalising abortion moral or ethical? It isn’t evidence based. The global picture, however, is complex.
For the many countries that are decriminalising abortion in Latin America, some–notably Brazil–remain opposed. Despite many US states following the Supreme Court ruling, the Republican state of Kansas recently voted to allow abortion.7 In the UK, although the public and politicians are supportive of abortion, it remains a criminal act under certain circumstances.8 Only Northern Ireland in the UK has decriminalised abortion, but that sea change in law is not yet matched by provision of services. Abortion laws, then, are not entirely driven by preconceptions about political leanings or religious orthodoxy.
